EQOL Journal (2020) 12(2):
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of a water jogging exercise course on older men with knee osteoarthritis
Yaser Khanjari1✉ • Razie Garooei2
Received: 15th August, 2020 |
DOI: 10.31382/eqol.201204 |
Accepted: 31st October, 2020 |
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© The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access. |
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Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint disorders and a major cause of disability and disability in old age. Although previous research has shown the positive effects of exercise on land to some extent, but due to high pressure on land, the elderly does not want to participate in these exercises. Water exercise has recently been considered to reduce pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, although its effects have not yet been fully elucidated. So, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a water jogging training program on the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in elderly men. 15 elderly men with knee osteoarthritis were purposefully selected as subjects. We used global questionnaire of the consequences of knee injuries and osteoarthritis (KOOS) to collect data. The subjects performed a jogging in water program for 10 weeks under the supervision of a hydrotherapy instructor level. Correlated
✉ykhanjari@ut.ac.ir
1University of Tehran, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2University of Kharazmi, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran
was significantly different after the program. The results of this study show that regular practice of jogging in water can be a new, safe, effective and
Keywords aqua therapy • water exercise • pain • hydrotherapy • osteoarthritis.
Introduction
Chronic physical pain seems to cause older people to become more dependent on others in their daily lives, which certainly affects their quality of life and psychological factors (Khanjari & Garooei, 2015). Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a major public health issue because it causes chronic knee joint pain, stiffness, and physical disability. This condition not only diminishes an individual’s quality of life but it also enhances anxiety, fear, and even depression (Scopaz, Piva, Wisniewski, & Fitzgerald, 2009). Ageing of the population and increased global prevalence of obesity are anticipated to dramatically increase the prevalence of knee OA and its associated impairments (Fransen et al., 2015). To date, the signs and symptoms of knee OA can only be alleviated with a joint replacement (Gay, Chabaud, Guilley, & Coudeyre, 2016). Although, previous research has shown that
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EQOL Journal (2020) 12(2):
view testified that pain relief and improves physical function did not last long with these exercises which is sustained for at least 2 to 6 months after the exercise intervention in patients with knee OA (Bartels et al., 2016). Despite the importance of LBE, excessive exercise dosage may worsen arthritis symptoms by increasing
Aquatic therapy or Exercise in water is a good
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Method
The nature of the present study was applied and semi- experimental in two stages of
In the end, 15 men were selected. After explaining to the subjects about the purpose of the research, the global and native questionnaire KOOS (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score), designed to measure the degree of osteoarthritis and the severity of knee pain, the number of symptoms, the problems of motor function in daily activities, sports, recreation, and the quality of life in the knee joint (Salavati et al., 2008), was completed by subjects. Subjects answered the questions on a
Training protocol
Water jogging training program (jogging slowly and in place at a depth of 140cm with music) was performed three sessions per week for 45 minutes, increasing and progressing 40 to 60 percent of the maximum heart rate. The water training session consisted of three parts: warming up (10 minutes of simple walking), the main part of training (25 minutes of jogging) and cooling down (10 minutes of stretching movements of the knee joint). It should be noted that due to the weight loss of the subjects up to 90% in this depth of water, people could easily perform movements. Subjects had not previously undergone any water sports training. It was also forbidden to take any
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EQOL Journal (2020) 12(2): |
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analyzes of this study were performed using SPSS18 |
Table 1. Average personal characteristics of research subjects |
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software. |
(n=15) |
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Variable |
Exercise in water |
Results
The mean and standard deviation of demographic and physical characteristics of the research subjects are presented in Table 1 (data are presented as mean±SD).
Height (cm) |
167.12±7.35 |
Weight (kg) |
75.64±7.64 |
Age (years) |
60±6.5 |
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The results showed that the symptoms and severity of pain, motor function in daily activities, sports, recreation and quality of life were significantly improved in the final evaluation. Mean and standard deviation as well as dependent
Table 2.
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Variable |
M±SD |
M±SD |
t |
p |
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Symptom |
50.13±6.13 |
61.11±4.41 |
0.033 |
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Pain intensity |
65.35±15.23 |
77.43±11.30 |
0.024 |
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Motor performance in daily activities |
69.39±14.08 |
81.33±12.25 |
0.014 |
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Motor performance in sports activities and recreational |
45.35±15.34 |
65.18±12.234 |
0.006 |
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Quality of life |
72.25±4.45 |
90.11±3.32 |
0.005 |
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According to the criteria set in the questionnaire, each subject who has a higher score has a better status and a higher average is given to him. As shown in Table 2, the mean of all variables increased after the implementation of the training protocol.
Discussion
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of a water jogging training course on the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis in elderly men. The results of the present study showed that a period of water jogging training has a significant effect on the symptoms, pain intensity, motor functions in daily activities, sport activities and quality of life in elderly men with knee osteoarthritis. These results are consistent with previous findings that have shown the positive effects of aquatic exercise on knee osteoarthritis (Bartels et al., 2016;
relief, to allow easier joint movement improving physical function, to reduce muscle stiffness and to cause muscle relaxation in patients with OA (Bartels et al., 2016; Etesami et al., 2015; Wang, Belza, Elaine Thompson, Whitney, & Bennett, 2007). Doing water exercises seems to increase the strength of the muscles around the knee, such as the quadriceps and hamstrings. Stronger muscles reduce the pressure on the knee joint and reduce inflammation and pain
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EQOL Journal (2020) 12(2):
and sports. Eventually, weight loss reduces the pressure on the joints and the feeling of pain, and the patient has the opportunity to spend hours during the day with peace of mind, mobility, physical activity and social interaction (Minor, Webel, Kay, Hewett, & Anderson, 1989). On the other hand, exercise therapy in water means going to an attractive and diverse environment that reduces depression, anxiety and psychological stress and is naturally effective in encouraging patients to exercise psychologically (Heiden, Lloyd, & Ackland, 2009). However, some previous research has not conclusively confirmed the effects of water exercise on knee osteoarthritis (Verhagen et al., 2000) and some research has not confirmed its superiority than
In the present study, we used jogging exercises (slow jumps) with deep water music, which had positive results on patients with knee osteoarthritis. Jogging in the water is one of the light and aerobic exercises that patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, especially those who are overweight, can easily do these exercises. Recent research has shown the beneficial effects of water aerobic exercise on patients with knee osteoarthritis. Casilda et al. (2017) in a study of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis showed that an
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Acknowledgment
Thanks to all the people who participated in this research.
References
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How to cite this article:
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Khanjari, Y., & Garooei, R. (2020). The effect of a water jogging exercise
APA: course on older men with knee osteoarthritis. Exercise and Quality of Life, 12(2),
Khanjari, Yaser and Razie Garooei. "The effect of a water jogging exercise
MLA: course on older men with knee osteoarthritis." Exercise and Quality of Life 12.2 (2020):
Khanjari, Yaser, and Razie Garooei. "The effect of a water jogging exercise
Chicago: course on older men with knee osteoarthritis." Exercise and Quality of Life 12, no. 2 (2020):
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