Marko Manojlović
DOI: 10.31382/eqol.211205
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in the prevention of lower extremity injuries, especially the ankle and knee joint, in team athletes. PRISMA recommendations were applied for this research. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and BioMed Central were used to identify relevant studies. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database-PEDro scale. Only 7 research met the eligibility criteria, and their outcomes were presented. Proprioceptive training has been shown to be very effective in preventing ankle injuries, especially in recurrent ankle sprains. However, in 3 of 4 studies lacked the effects of proprioceptive training in the prevention of knee and ACL injuries. Based on the results of the analyzed research, I can conclude that proprioceptive training is a very effective training tool in the prevention of ankle sprains in the population of team athletes, but proprioceptive training is not sufficient as the only training component in preventing knee injuries.
Keywords: proprioceptive training • prevention • ankle injuries • knee injuries • team athletes.
Acevado R., Rivera-Vega A., Miranda G., & Micheo W. (2014). Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Identification of Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 13, 186-191.
Achenbach L., Krutsch V., Weber J., Nerlich M., Luig P., Loose O., Angele P., & Krutsch W. (2017). Neuromuscular exercises prevent severe knee injury in adolescent team handball playes. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 26, 1901-1908.
Alentron-Geli E., Myer G.D., Silvers H.J., Samitier G., Romero D., Lázaro-Haro C., & Cugat R. (2009). Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 2: A review of prevention programs aimed to modify risk factors and to reduce injury rates. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 17, 859-879.
Bahr R., & Bahr I.A. (1997). Incidence of acute volleyball injuries: a prospective cohort study of injury mechanisms and risk factors. Scund J Med Sci Sport, 7, 166-171.
Baker H., Rizzi A., & Athiviraham A. (2020). Injury in the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) From 2015 to 2019. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation, 2, 213-217.
Benis R., Bonato M., & La Torre A. (2016). Elite Female Basketball Players’ Body-Weight Neuromuscular Training and Performance on the Y-Balance Test. Journal of Athletic Training, 51, 688–695.
Bere T., Kruczynski J., Veintimillia N., Hamu Y., & Bahr R. (2015). Injury risk is low among world-class volleyball players: 4-year data from the FIVB Injury Surveillance System. Br J Sports Med, 49, 1132-1137.
Cruz-Diaz D., Lomas-Vega R., Osuna-Pérez C., Contreras F.H., & Martínez-Amat A. (2015). Effects of 6 Weeks of Balance Training on Chronic Ankle Instability in Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Med, 36, 754–760.
Cumps E., Verhagen E.A., & Meeusen R. (2007). Efficacy of a sports specific balance training programme on the incidence of ankle sprains in basketball. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6, 212-219.
Darkos M.C., Domb B., Starkey C., Callahan L., & Allen A. (2010). Injury in the National Basketball Association: A 17-Year Overview. Sports Health, 2, 284-290.
De Morton N.A. (2009). The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 55, 129-133.
Elis E., & Rosembaum D. (2002). A multi-station proprioceptive exercise program in patients with ankle instability. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, 1991-1998.
Eils E., Schröter R., Schröter M., Gerss J., & Rosenbaum D. (2010). Multistation Proprioceptive Exercise Program Prevents Ankle Injuries in Basketball. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42, 2098-2105.
Emery C.A., Cassidy D., Klassen T.P., Rosychuk R.J., & Rowe B.H. (2005). Effectiveness of a home-based balance-training program in reducing sports-related injuries among healthy adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial. CMAJ, 172, 749-754.
Emery C.A., & Meeuwisse W.H. (2010). The effectiveness of a neuromuscular prevention strategy to reduce injuries in youth soccer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med, 44, 555–562.
Emery C.A., Rose M.S., McAllister J.R., & Meeuwisse W.H. (2007). A Prevention Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Injury in High School Basketball: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Sport Med, 17, 17-24.
Ergen E., & Ulkar B. (2008). Proprioception and ankle injuries in soccer. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 27, 195-217.
Ferlinc A., Fabiani E., Velnar T., & Gradisnik L. (2019). The Importance and Role of Proprioception in the Elderly: a Short Review. Mater Sociomed, 31, 219-221.
Giroto N., Hespanhol L., Gomes R.M., & Dias Lopes A. (2015). Incidence and risk factors of injuries in Brazilian elite handball players: A prospective cohort study. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 27, 195-202.
Giza E., Mithöfer K., Farrell L., Zarins B., & Gill T. (2005). Injuries in women’s professional soccer. Br J Sports Med, 39, 212–216.
Hoffman M., & Payne V.G. (1995). The Effects of Proprioceptive Ankle Disk Training on Healthy Subjects. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 21, 90-93.
Huerta Ojeda A.C., Casanova Sandoval D.A., & Barahona-Fuentes G.D. (2019). Proprioceptive training methods as a tool for the prevention of injuries in football players: a systematic review. Arch Med Deporte, 36, 173-180.
Huppertes M.D.W., Verhagen E.A., & Van Mechelen W. (2009). Effect of unsupervised home-based proprioceptive training on recurrences of ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med, 339, b2684.
LaBella C.R., Huxford M.R., Grissom J., Kim K.Y., Peng J., & Christoffel K. (2011). Effect of Neuromuscular Warm-up on Injuries in Female Soccer and Basketball Athletes in Urban Public High Schools. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 165, 1033-1040.
Lazarou L., Kofotolis N., Pfis G., & Kellis E. (2018). Effects of two proprioceptive training programs on ankle range of motion, pain, functional and balance performance in individuals with ankle sprain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 31, 437-446.
Le Gall F., Carling C., & Reilly T. (2008). Injuries in Young Elite Female Soccer Players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36, 212-216.
Maher C.G., Sherrington C., Herbert R.D., Moseley A.M., & Elkins M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro Scale for Rating Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials. Physical Therapy, 83, 713-721.
Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., & Altman D.G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 151, 264-269.
Malliou P., Gioftsidou A., Pafis G., Benka A., & Godolias G. (2004). Proprioceptive training (balance exercises) reduces lower extremity injuries in young soccer players. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 17, 101-104.
Mohammadi F. (2007). Comparison of 3 Preventive Methods to Reduce the Recurrence of Ankle Inversion Sprains in Male Soccer Players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35, 922-926.
Murray J.J., Renier C.M., Ahern J.J., & Elliot B.A. (2017). Neuromuscular Training Availability and Efficacy in Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in High School Sports: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 27, 524-529.
Myklebust G., Engebretsen L., Kraeken I.H., Skjølberg A., Olsen O.E., & Bahr R. (2003). Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Team Handball Players: A Prospective Intervention Study Over Three Seasons. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 13, 71-78.
Owoeye O., Palacios-Derflingher L., & Emery C. (2018). Prevention of Ankle Sprain Injuries in Youth Soccer and Basketball: Effectiveness of a Neuromuscular Training Program and Examining Risk Factors. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 4, 325-331.
Owen J.L, Campbell S., Falkner S.J., Bialkowski C., & Ward A.T. (2006). Balance training can prevent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Is there evidence that proprioception or injuries in athletes without previous ACL injury? Physical Therapy, 86, 1436-1440.
Pánics G., Tállay A., Pavlik A., & Berkes I. (2008). Effect of proprioception training on knee joint position sense in female team handball players. Br J Sports Med, 42, 472–476.
Paul J. (2016). Effectiveness of technical training vs. proprioceptive training to prevent recurrence of ankle sprains in Volleyball players-A comparative study. International Journal of Medical and Exercise Science, 2, 187-204.
Petersen W., Braun C., Bock W., Schmidt K., Weimann A., Drescher W., Eiling E., Stange R., Fucsh T., Hedderich J., & Zantop T. (2005). A controlled prospective case control study of a prevention training program in female team handball players: the German experience. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 125, 614-621.
Postle K., Pak D., & Smith T.O. (2012). Effectiveness of proprioceptive exercises for ankle ligament injury in adults: A systematic literature and meta-analysis. Manual Therapy, 17, 285-291.
Riva D., Bianchi R., Rocca F., & Mamo C. (2016). Proprioceptive training and injury prevention in a professional men’s basketball team: A six-year prospective study. J Strength Cond Res, 30, 461-475.
Seil R., Rupp S., Tempelhof S., & Kohn D. (1998). Sports Injuries in Team Handball A One-Year Prospective Study of Sixteen Men’s Senior Teams of a Superior Nonprofessional Level. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 26, 681-687.
Schiftan G.S., Ross L.A., & Hahne A.J. (2015). The effectiveness of proprioceptive training in preventing ankle sprains in sporting populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport, 18, 238-244.
Starkey C. (2000). Injuries and Illnesses in the National Basketball Association: A 10-Year Perspective. Journal of Athletic Training, 35, 161-167.
Stasinopoulos D. (2004). Comparison of three preventive methods in order to reduce the incidence of ankle inversion sprains among female volleyball players. Br J Sports Med, 38, 182–185.
Söderman K., Werner S., Pietilä T., Engström B., & Alfredson H. (2000). Balance board training prevention of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players? A prospective randomized intervention study. Knee Surg, Sports Traumatol, Arthrosc, 8, 356-363.
Souza de Vasconcelos G., Cini A., Sbruzzi G., & Lima S. (2018). Effects of proprioceptive training on the incidence of ankle sprain in athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Rehabilitation, 32, 1581-1590.
Stubbe J.H., van Beijsterveldt A.M., van der Knaap S., Stege J., Verhagen E.A., & van Mechelen W., Backx F.J.G. (2015). Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal of Athletic Training, 50, 211-216.
Verhagen E.A., Van der Beek A.J.V., Bouter L.M., Bahr R.M., & Van Mechelen W. (2004). A one season prospective cohort study of volleyball injuries. Br J Sports Med, 38, 477–481
Verhagen E.A., van Der Beek A., Twisk J., Bouter L., Bahr R., & Van Mechelen W. (2004). The Effect of a Proprioceptive Balance Board Training Program for the Prevention of Ankle Sprains A Prospective Controlled Trial. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 1385-1393.
Waldén M., Atroshi I., Magnusson H., Wagner P., & Hägglund M. (2012). Prevention of acute knee injuries in adolescent female football players: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 344: e3042.